Understanding Multilevel Dynamics in the Development of Parenting.

Parenting is best understood from within a framework of person/context influence and interaction. Four themes from the articles are discussed. First, a multilevel perspective allows us to integrate across two nested structures: the biological and cognitive systems nested within individuals and the way in which individuals are nested within complex social environments. Second, the biological and cognitive pathways that underlie behavioral continuities across the life course are discussed. Third, intergenerational influences involve both mediating and moderating mechanisms. Fourth, one of the most significant challenges in human studies of parenting is to isolate the roles of individuals in relationship formation. Within-family studies provide an important mechanism to achieve this. (Author abstract)